Critical Patches Issued for Microsoft Products, October 14, 2025

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining the same privileges as the logged-on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

Critical Patches Issued for Microsoft Products, October 14, 2025

MS-ISAC ADVISORY NUMBER:

2025-096

DATE(S) ISSUED:

10/16/2025

OVERVIEW:

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining the same privileges as the logged-on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

THREAT INTELLIGENCE:

There are currently no reports of these vulnerabilities being exploited in the wild.

SYSTEMS AFFECTED:

• Agere Windows Modem Driver
• Microsoft PowerShell
• Windows Failover Cluster
• Azure Connected Machine Agent
• Microsoft Brokering File System
• Virtual Secure Mode
• Microsoft Graphics Component
• Windows Kernel
• Windows Device Association Broker service
• Windows Digital Media
• Windows Hello
• Windows Virtualization-Based Security (VBS) Enclave
• Xbox
• Microsoft Exchange Server
• Visual Studio
• .NET
• .NET, .NET Framework, Visual Studio
• ASP.NET Core
• Microsoft Configuration Manager
• Azure Monitor
• Windows Storage Management Provider
• Connected Devices Platform Service (Cdpsvc)
• Windows Hyper-V
• Windows BitLocker
• Windows PrintWorkflowUserSvc
• Windows NTFS
• Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver
• Windows NDIS
• Windows Remote Desktop Protocol
• Windows USB Video Driver
• Windows DirectX
• Windows DWM
• Windows Resilient File System (ReFS)
• Windows Error Reporting
• Windows WLAN Auto Config Service
• NtQueryInformation Token function (ntifs.h)
• Azure Local
• Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS)
• Microsoft Windows
• Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock
• Microsoft Windows Speech
• Remote Desktop Client
• Windows Cryptographic Services
• Windows COM
• Windows SMB Server
• Windows Connected Devices Platform Service
• Windows Bluetooth Service
• Windows Local Session Manager (LSM)
• Inbox COM Objects
• Windows Remote Desktop
• Windows File Explorer
• Windows High Availability Services
• Windows Core Shell
• Microsoft Windows Search Component
• Storport.sys Driver
• Windows Management Services
• Windows SSDP Service
• Windows ETL Channel
• Software Protection Platform (SPP)
• Data Sharing Service Client
• Network Connection Status Indicator (NCSI)
• Windows Remote Desktop Services
• Windows StateRepository API
• Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) Deduplication Service
• Windows MapUrlToZone
• Windows Push Notification Core
• Azure Entra ID
• Microsoft Office Word
• Microsoft Office Excel
• Microsoft Office Visio
• Microsoft Office
• Microsoft Office SharePoint
• Windows Remote Access Connection Manager
• Microsoft Office PowerPoint
• Windows Health and Optimized Experiences Service
• Azure PlayFab
• JDBC Driver for SQL Server
• Copilot
• Windows DWM Core Library
• Active Directory Federation Services
• Microsoft Failover Cluster Virtual Driver
• Redis Enterprise
• Windows Authentication Methods
• Windows SMB Client
• XBox Gaming Services
• Windows NTLM
• Azure Monitor Agent
• Windows Server Update Service
• GitHub
• Confidential Azure Container Instances
• Windows Taskbar Live
• Internet Explorer
• Microsoft Defender for Linux
• Windows Remote Procedure Call

RISK:

Government:

Large and medium government entitiesHIGH

Small governmentMEDIUM

Businesses:

Large and medium business entitiesHIGH

Small business entitiesMEDIUM

Home Users:

LOW

TECHNICAL SUMMARY:

Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution.

A full list of all vulnerabilities can be found in the Microsoft link in the Reference section.

Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining the same privileges as the logged-on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than those who operate with administrative user rights.

RECOMMENDATIONS:

We recommend the following actions be taken:

• Apply appropriate updates provided by Microsoft to vulnerable systems immediately after appropriate testing. (M1051: Update Software)
• Safeguard 7.1 : Establish and Maintain a Vulnerability Management Process: Establish and maintain a documented vulnerability management process for enterprise assets. Review and update documentation annually, or when significant enterprise changes occur that could impact this Safeguard.
• Safeguard 7.2: Establish and Maintain a Remediation Process: Establish and maintain a risk-based remediation strategy documented in a remediation process, with monthly, or more frequent, reviews.
• Safeguard 7.4: Perform Automated Application Patch Management: Perform application updates on enterprise assets through automated patch management on a monthly, or more frequent, basis.
• Safeguard 7.5 : Perform Automated Vulnerability Scans of Internal Enterprise Assets: Perform automated vulnerability scans of internal enterprise assets on a quarterly, or more frequent, basis. Conduct both authenticated and unauthenticated scans, using a SCAP-compliant vulnerability scanning tool.
• Safeguard 7.7: Remediate Detected Vulnerabilities: Remediate detected vulnerabilities in software through processes and tooling on a monthly, or more frequent, basis, based on the remediation process.
• Safeguard 12.1: Ensure Network Infrastructure is Up-to-Date: Ensure network infrastructure is kept up-to-date. Example implementations include running the latest stable release of software and/or using currently supported network-as-a-service (NaaS) offerings. Review software versions monthly, or more frequently, to verify software support.
• Safeguard 18.1: Establish and Maintain a Penetration Testing Program: Establish and maintain a penetration testing program appropriate to the size, complexity, and maturity of the enterprise. Penetration testing program characteristics include scope, such as network, web application, Application Programming Interface (API), hosted services, and physical premise controls; frequency; limitations, such as acceptable hours, and excluded attack types; point of contact information; remediation, such as how findings will be routed internally; and retrospective requirements.
• Safeguard 18.2: Perform Periodic External Penetration Tests: Perform periodic external penetration tests based on program requirements, no less than annually. External penetration testing must include enterprise and environmental reconnaissance to detect exploitable information. Penetration testing requires specialized skills and experience and must be conducted through a qualified party. The testing may be clear box or opaque box.
• Safeguard 18.3: Remediate Penetration Test Findings: Remediate penetration test findings based on the enterprise’s policy for remediation scope and prioritization.

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